OK first it is all one poem in sections - As any poem you can enjoy the power of most poet's work using your own life views or like walking in someone's garden there is another enjoyment and appreciation when you know the name of the plants, when they bloom etc. and so it is with poetry.
Jo Harjo's poems reflect her heritage - like many American Native people the Muscogee Creeks have a different view of time that is difficult but, eye opening to wrap your head around - we westerners think in liner time - the Muscogee think is circular time so that in the same thought what we consider the past and the future is all in the present - what we separate in our heads as nature and science is all one. A grandmother could be the recent mother of your mother or, an ancient grandmother 'of you' - and that you are a grandmother although, you may not biologically have had a child much less that child have a child. We would think this expressing a metaphor where as, the Muscogee see this as real and talk to the ancient grandmother. Nothing is written and yet, there are ways that this ancient grandmother speaks as does the grandmother who is sitting in the next room. The world is timeless.
As you can see from this link Jo Harjo is a very educated accomplished women so trying to explain this view of time can sound like I am speaking about some aberration or voodoo but it is real. Scott Momaday, a Pulitzer Prize author, a Kiowa, writes from the circular time perspective as does Leslie Marmon Silko, from the Laguna Pueblo - there are many others but these authors are more well known.
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/H/HA021.htmlCircular time is still difficult for me and after these many years - at least 20 of struggling to understand I recently had the awesome experience of sending a question to Jo Harjo and SHE ANSWERED ME - you do not understand - a response from the Pope or the President himself or the Queen of England could not have struck me to my toe nails like hearing directly from this writer. Later I will find the exchange and copy it here.
Now to this poem - Many Indian doctors (we call them medicine people) are women, strong women. They carry in their strength, darkening their light the horrendous history of oppression and loss. Standing at a medicine pole with the symbols of their visions they tell the crowd of their Dreams, in language alive and rich. The Songs speak of disease that is living although in liner time we do not see evidence so we assume the disease bares no importance to us today.
Jo Harjo is a strong woman - a gifted women - she has Songs - She sings to us of women healing, women unafraid to stand before the ills of the world around us, poverty, the disenfranchised, the dispossessed, internalized oppression - her songs tell us that many of these ills, to thrive and repeat in countless ways over time, is fear. Her Songs/Poems names what she sees - she sees the present predicaments not extricated from the past that is born and informs under us.
The theme of horses not only identifies all aspects of women but works to claim them, accept them as living parts of ourselves. Horses in all colors and shapes - horses of love, hate, those we escape on, those that race through our head, our heart, those we own, those that own us...all of us...she sees clear and sings out identifying the disease called...'Fear'.
Some of us need the power of a horse - horses know some people and relish their smell so they follow that person - the love of a horse will attract a horse to you as will the fear of them. In other words the heart generates all manner of ideas, including horses. In this poem horses ride out from history, travel without fear, by a fury of houses burning behind as the villages were burned when the Muscogee were forcibly moved from the area of the Tallapoosa River, Georgia by Jackson's Cherokee allies.
The force of memory for Jo Harjo includes her six generations back, to Monahwee, leader, included in the great alliance for justice as tribal nations joined together to stand against the destruction and removal of the people from their homelands. Monahwee suffered seven shot wounds but survived by sheer force of will and love for his people. He is known for his magic with horses as her Aunt, was known to travel so quickly on a horse she would arrive at a destination before anyone. There are other connections to horses that include her father keeping a horse, against city ordinance, in Tulsa and how a family outing was to the lake or Okmulgee Oklahoma to watch the horses. Even her son is named Phil derived from the English word meaning lover of horses.
The poem is listing aspects of the earth that is within us and metaphors of feelings and ways we hold on to behaviors like at times we throw rocks at glass houses and speak as if our tongue is a razor blade hurting others or, we are at times as gentle and joyful as dancing in our mother's arms. Regardless if we act out screaming out of fear of silence it is within us or, we would not have a clue what that means when we hear or read about it. Some of us carry knives or guns while others of us react to fear by not traveling in certain areas of town or speaking to certain people as we wait for destruction. Jo speaks to the uncomfortable topic of many women turning to a saviour, a father, a husband, a brother, uncle, grandfather, good friend, even a priest who ends up raping them.
She continues to express that yes, we have horses within us - experiences, thoughts, emotions, beliefs that we love and some we hate - and under it all we have the experiences, thoughts, emotions and beliefs lurking from out of the ancient past that often only surfaces where we can see and identify them in a Dream that is similar to deep meditation.
Even if you have practiced meditation you learn things that are not laid out like a plan of action or a sequential time line - often there are symbolic persons speaking truths that must be interpreted to your current situation and so with the Dream Songs or a medicine woman.
And so from this rampage of horses within us we break loose and become...